T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd:\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>Tinh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng\u00a0d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Axit malic l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 2 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cacboxyl(COOH) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m hydroxyl(OH).<\/p>\n

D\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 axit malic c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a axit v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a axit<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
1. 1 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i:V\u00ec l\u00e0 axit y\u1ebfu n\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

   HOOC-CH_{2<\/sub>-CH(OH)-COOH + 3Na –> NaOOC-CH2<\/sub>-CH(ONa)-COONa + 1,5H2<\/sub><\/p>\n}

   2HOOC-CH_{2<\/sub>-CH(OH)-COOH + Mg –> (OOC-CH2<\/sub>-CH(OH)-COO)2<\/sub>Mg + H2<\/sub><\/p>\n}

   Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \u1edf nh\u00f3m COOH c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u1edf nh\u00f3m OH n\u00ean khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c cacboxyl ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

   \n
   1. 2 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxit kim lo\u1ea1i:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      HOOC-CH_{2<\/sub>-CH(OH)-COOH + Na2<\/sub>O –> NaOOC-CH2<\/sub>-CH(ONa)-COONa + H2<\/sub>O.<\/p>\n}

      \n
      1. 3 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         HOOC-CH_{2<\/sub>-CH(OH)-COOH + NaHCO3<\/sub> –> NaOOC-CH2<\/sub>-CH(OH)-COONa + CO2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O.<\/p>\n}

         \n
         1. 4 L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m COOH<\/strong>: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

            HOOC-CH_{2<\/sub>-CH(OH)-COOH + C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH –> C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OOC-CH2<\/sub>-CH(OH)-COOC2<\/sub>H5<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O.<\/p>\n}

            Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

            HOOC-CH_{2<\/sub>-CH(OH)-COOH –> HOOC-CH=CH-COOH + H2<\/sub>O.<\/p>\n}

            Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111un n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

            Axit t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0 axit kh\u00f4ng no c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp th\u1ec3: d\u1ea1ng cis l\u00e0 axit meleic, d\u1ea1ng trans l\u00e0 axit fumaric.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc : C_{4<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n}

            T\u00ean h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc : Axit Malic<\/b><\/p>\n

            Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9: H\u00e0n<\/strong>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c, Nam Phi, Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/b><\/p>\n

            Qui c\u00e1ch :\u00a025 kg\/ bao<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":810,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/vuhoangco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/809"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/vuhoangco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/vuhoangco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vuhoangco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=809"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vuhoangco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/vuhoangco.com.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}